In early modern Venice and Florence, a new form of pooling capital emerged. It was called the “compagnia,” which translates into English as “company.” The literal meaning of the word is “with bread.” Why and how does “with bread” produce a notion of pooling capital and our modern word for an economic enterprise? Because those capital-pooling efforts were often family efforts. The early modern Italian usage points us forward and backward in time. Forward because, in recent years, there’s been a big literature on the rise or return of “family capitalism” or “dynastic capitalism” or “patrimonial capitalism.” Where the 20th century was supposed to be the realm of the managerial corporation, with control and ownership separated, and ownership in the […]
In the face of a spate of executive orders about education and what we can and cannot teach about the United States, particularly with regard to race, I’m posting here the course description for my American Political Theory class that I’m teaching this term. It’s high time that those of us, particularly with tenure, who teach American history or American politics or American political thought or anything in that realm, stand up and speak out on behalf of what we teach. Not in a defensive or apologetic crouch, but proudly and loudly, affirming that we offer students an in-depth approach to central problems of the American experience. My course opens with readings from Aristotle and the Hebrew Bible on slavery, […]
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Categories
Economies, Education, Race
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Tags abolition, Alexander Hamilton, Aristotle, capitalism, Frederick Douglass, Jim Crow, slavery, Thomas Jefferson, W.E.B. Du Bois
Democracy in America is not well, but what ails it? According to one diagnosis, the country is suffering from multiple strains of one-man rule—tyranny, fascism, authoritarianism. Variants of the virus originate in the people and their passions. Citizens vote the tyrant into power. Racism, misogyny, or some other affliction of cruelty and fear, fuels their votes. Democracy is not just threatened by disease. It is the disease. This idea, of despotism from the demos, has a distinguished pedigree. Plato and Aristotle thought that all, or nearly all, forms of tyranny arise from the people. The vulgar many oppose the virtuous few, whose ethos of remove is an irritant to the many. Stirred by a demagogue, the people and their leader […]
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Categories
Economies, Political Theory, The Left, The Right
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Tags Andrew Jackson, Aristotle, authoritarianism, fascism, Matthew Simonton, oligarchy, Plato, Steve Bannon, tyranny, William McKinley
The Times asks Harry Jaffa to review a new translation of Aristotle’s Ethics. We got lots of heavy breathing about Leo Strauss (“the greatest political philosopher of the 20th century”), the crisis of modernity, and Athens v. Jerusalem. What don’t we get? A review of the Ethics or this translation.